The beginning of the church's history can be traced back to 2008, when a commemorative cross was erected and consecrated at the future site of the church. The construction of the church was funded through sponsorship from OAO ‘Gazprom Transgaz Belarus’, thanks to the initiative of Alexey Miller, the Chairman of the Management Committee of OAO ‘Gazprom’ of the Russian Federation.
The construction began in the fall of 2013, and by February 15, 2015, the first Divine Liturgy was celebrated in the church. Until 2019, the parish of the church was affiliated with the Epiphany Cathedral. Now it is an independent parish with a young and gradually growing community. The church is located near Polotsk City Hospital No. 1, with which there is close cooperation and assistance provided to both staff and patients. However, the parish is not exclusively for the hospital, so all are welcome to attend services.
The Church of the Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon in Polotsk is considered a typical example of retrospective Russian style.